References Ivanenko A, Crabtree VM, Tauman R, et al. Melatonin in children and adolescents with insomnia: a retrospective study. Clin Pediatr 2003;42:51-8. DerMarderosian A, ed. Melatonin. In: The Review of Natural Products. St. Louis: Facts and Comparisons, Inc., 1996. Jan JE, Freeman RD, Fast DK. Melatonin treatment of sleep-wake cycle disorders in children and adolescents. Dev Med Child Neurol 1999;41:491-500. Palm L, Blennow G, Wetterberg L. Correction of non-24-hour sleep wake cycle by melatonin in a blind, retarded boy. Ann Neurol 1991;29:336-9. Jan JE, Espezel H, Appleton RE. The treatment of sleep disorders with melatonin. Dev Med Child Neurol 1994;36:97-107. Palm L, Blennow G, Wetterberg L. Long-term melatonin treatment in blind children and young adults with circadian sleep-wake disturbances. Dev Med Child Neurol 1997;39:319-25. Pillar G, Etzioni A, Shahar E, et al. Melatonin treatment in an institutionalized child with psychomotor retardation and an irregular sleep-wake pattern. Arch Dis Child 1998;79:63-4. Smits MG, Nategaal EE, van der Heijden J, et al. Melatonin for chronic sleep onset insomnia in children: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Child Neurol 2001;16:86-92. Dodge NN, Wilson GA. Melatonin for treatment of sleep disorders in children with developmental disabilities. J Child Neurol 2001;16:581-4. Ross C, Davies P, Whitehouse W. Melatonin treatment for sleep disorders in children with neurodevelopmental disorders: an observational study. Dev Med Child Neurol 2002;44:339-44. McArthur AJ, Budden SS. Sleep dysfunction in Rett syndrome: a trial of exogenous melatonin treatment. Dev Med Child Neurol 1998;40:186-92. O'Callaghan FJK, Clarke AA, Hancock E, et al. Use of melatonin to treat sleep disorders in tuberous sclerosis. Dev Med Child Neurol 1999;41:123-6. Jan JE, Tai J, Hahn G, et al. Melatonin replacement therapy in a child with a pineal tumor. J Child Neurol 2001;16:139-40. Smits MG, van Stel HF, van der Heijden K, et al. Melatonin improves health status and sleep in children with idiopathic chronic sleep-onset insomnia: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2003;42:1286-93. Sheldon SH. Pro-convulsant effects of oral melatonin in neurologically disabled children. Lancet 1998;351:1254. Jan JE, Hamilton D, Seward N, et al. Clinical trials of controlled-release melatonin in children with sleep-wake cycle disorders. J Pineal Res 2000;29:34-9. Sidebar: Pharmacology Literature Review Cardiopulmonary Effects of Naloxone Although frequently used to reverse opioid adverse effects in pediatric patients, little is known of the adverse effect profile of naloxone at standard doses. The authors of this study summarize their experience with naloxone in 195 children over a 3 year period. The average age of the patients was 9.7+6 years, and the total naloxone dose given ranged from 0.001 to 0.5 mg/kg, with a median dose of 0.1 mg. Compared to pretreatment values, respiratory rate, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were increased after naloxone administration. Transient systolic hypertension occurred in 33 of the patients (16.9%), while diastolic hypertension occurred in only 13 (6.6%) of the children. All cases of hypertension resolved without intervention. The only other adverse effect noted was a single case of pulmonary edema requiring positive pressure ventilation. Hasan RA, Benko AS, Nolan BM, et al. Cardiorespiratory effects of naloxone in children. Ann Pharmacother 2003;37:1587-92. Pediatr Pharm 9(11), 2003. Remember we are NOT Doctors and have NO medical training. This site is like an Encylopedia - there are many pages, many links on many topics. Support our work with any size DONATION - see left side of any page - for how to donate. You can help raise awareness of CAM.